Taiwan Bing Han panax ginseng powder 台灣炳翰人參粉 (人蔘粉)
Welcome to visit David Clockwise web store :
http://hke.shop.buystation.com/clockwise338
Learning Centre :
The history & lore of ginseng :
Royal root:
More precious than gold to ancient Chinese emperors, historical records indicate that Panax ginseng has been in use by royals since long before the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). Treasured and revered for its almost mythical power to bring health, virility and long life, its use was forbidden to all but royalty – sometimes by penalty of death.
Traditional uses :
Long before scientists began to study ginseng, the traditional healers and herbalists of China study and recorded the effects of using Panax ginseng. Ancient medical texts describe ginseng in nearly magical terms. These records refer to ginseng in this way: “Ginseng calms the mind,brings harmony to the soul, eliminates fears, and drives away evil spirits. It also makes the eyes shine, opens the heart, and clarifies thinking. If taken long enough, it strengthens the body and extends life.” Panax ginseng’s historical role as an aphrodisiac is still greatly appreciated today.
Most famous herb :
Looking very much like the form of a human body, it is no wonder that the Chinese name for ginseng is “ren-shen” which roughly translated means “man-root.” This remarkably beautiful and unique plant has long been distinguished as China’s most famous herb. With more than 11,000 different herbs recorded for use in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, ginseng was and still is considered the “king” of all Chinese herbs.
How panax got its name ?
Linnaeus, the father of modern botany, assigned the genus name “Panax” (a Greek word translated as “all-heal”) to Chinese ginseng because he was well aware of its vast and varied use in Chinese herbalism.
Nature's timeless tonic :
Mother nature's "panacea"
Saponins :
The word saponins comes from the Latin word (sapo) meaning soap. Indeed the frothiness that occurs when Bing Han Ginseng and water are mixed together and well-shaken is an indication of the presence of saponins. The plant kingdom is rich in saponins, which act as critical defenders for the plants immune system.
Ginsenosides :
The difference :
Traditional uses :
Long before scientists began to study ginseng, the traditional healers and herbalists of China study and recorded the effects of using Panax ginseng. Ancient medical texts describe ginseng in nearly magical terms. These records refer to ginseng in this way: “Ginseng calms the mind,brings harmony to the soul, eliminates fears, and drives away evil spirits. It also makes the eyes shine, opens the heart, and clarifies thinking. If taken long enough, it strengthens the body and extends life.” Panax ginseng’s historical role as an aphrodisiac is still greatly appreciated today.
Most famous herb :
Looking very much like the form of a human body, it is no wonder that the Chinese name for ginseng is “ren-shen” which roughly translated means “man-root.” This remarkably beautiful and unique plant has long been distinguished as China’s most famous herb. With more than 11,000 different herbs recorded for use in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, ginseng was and still is considered the “king” of all Chinese herbs.
How panax got its name ?
Linnaeus, the father of modern botany, assigned the genus name “Panax” (a Greek word translated as “all-heal”) to Chinese ginseng because he was well aware of its vast and varied use in Chinese herbalism.
Nature's timeless tonic :
Some traditions are just too perfect to change. Like taking ginseng.
For literally thousands of years Panax ginseng use has been a foundation of Chinese health care traditions. In recent years, this prized herb has made its way to the Western world where its role as a timeless tonic continues.
The word tonic originates from a Greek word meaning “stretch.” Indeed, a true tonic, such as Panax ginseng stretches, tones, strengthens, and invigorates the body’s natural healing system the way physical exercise tones muscles.
It is still revered today, all around the world, for its seemingly endless power to make and keep us well.
All of us. Body ~ Mind ~ Spirit
Ginseng . For the whole person :
Panax ginseng's adaptogenic, energizing and restoring nature:
Adapting to the many changes in life with minimal stress response is one of the healthiest things we can do for ourselves. At the same time that ginseng adapts to serve our particular health needs, it is helping us to adapt to the physical, mental and emotional stresses of our daily lives. It does this by regulating and modulating our body’s internal response mechanisms. The adaptogens in ginseng also support immune health, enabling us to overcome challenges to our immune system. These adaptogenic agents are powerful, yet gentle, internal and multi-system regulators that function to bring the body into a state of balance. This natural balancing process allows and encourages health restoration and well being.Mother nature's "panacea"
Panax ginseng is many things to many people. It is an energizer, a health supporter, occasional stress reducer, a brain tonic and much more. How can taking this universal herbal supplement satisfy the diverse health needs of so many different people? Some of the answer to this question lie simply in better understanding the nature of Panax ginseng. In fact, the very word Panax originates from the Greek word “panacea” and refers to ginseng’s supportive role for all health problems. Ginseng’s well-earned reputation comes from both its historical, empirical evidence and its scientifically keep studies on file verified adaptogenic qualities. Panax ginseng has been shown to literally adapt to the individual’s health needs.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Ginseng's active agents :
Ginseng’s effectiveness can not be traced to only one particular active agent or constituent. It is the complex relationship between the many naturally occurring agents that gives ginseng its special properties. The most commonly studied active components of ginseng, however, include a family of saponins called ginsenosides.Saponins :
The word saponins comes from the Latin word (sapo) meaning soap. Indeed the frothiness that occurs when Bing Han Ginseng and water are mixed together and well-shaken is an indication of the presence of saponins. The plant kingdom is rich in saponins, which act as critical defenders for the plants immune system.
Ginsenosides :
Ginsenosides are the special type of saponins found in mature Panax ginseng roots.
There are more than 20 ginsenosides that have been discovered in ginseng. The highest concentrations of ginsenosides are found in the smaller size roots and root fiber. This is one of the reasons that Bing Han Ginseng powder is always made from the whole dried root including all the delicate little root tendrils. These cell protective substances have been found to have a wide range of health-promoting effects.
Panaxdioles & panaxtrioles :
A bioactive subgroup found within ginsenosides, panaxdioles and panaxtrioles These substances are thought to exert positive, modulating effects on the central nervous system.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
The power of ginseng :
Praise from international researchers :
There are many traditional and anecdotal claims for the health-promoting properties of ginseng. In recent years, there have also been systematic efforts to analyze the bioactivities of ginseng, from molecular and cellular research to animal and human studies. The world over, scientists are discovering the wide range of effects that ginseng and its most active constituents called ginsenosides have on our health.
Researchers from the National University of Singapore stated in their comprehensive review of published literature on Panax ginseng (which appeared in the Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore 2000) that ginsenosides contain extensive healthful properties.
From occasional stress and fatigue, to other health issues, Panax ginseng researchers praise the potential of ginseng to significantly promote human health on the whole.
Taiwan Bing Han ginseng powder :
Bing Han’s Ginseng Powder is 100% pure Panax Ginseng root powder harvested exclusively from our own sustainably grown, six-year old ginseng.
We use no additives, fillers or flowing agents. This pure, finely powdered ginseng root is grown and processed under strict quality control standards. Readily utilized by the body, Bing Han Ginseng powder yields rapid and noticeable results.
Packaged in an elegantly designed air tight container, Bing Han Panax Ginseng Powder is then packaged in an outer cardboard box to further protect it during shipping.
Each box contains an inner container of tamper-proof, sealed Bing Han Ginseng Powder.
150 grams
30 servings per container
30 servings per container
Follow the directions for use on the container.
Products :
All of Bing Han’s fine line of products are grown in our own ginseng fields and manufactured by Bing Han Pharmaceutical Factory Company Limited. Then they are exported to Bing Han’s distribution centres located around the world.
Each and every Bing Han Ginseng product is made under strict quality control standards and meets all the health regulations of the country of destination as confirmed by independent laboratory analysis.
The difference :
From the moment you open a jar of Bing Han Panax Ginseng Powder your life will begin to change for the better. Inhaling the rich, exotic aroma of this pure, finely powdered whole ginseng root is just the beginning.
Tasting its unique, pungent flavor hints at the complex blend of active healing constituents that are an integral part of this ginseng that has grown in the remote mountains of China for six long years.
Bing Han’s ginseng is very similar in composition to the indigenous, wild ginseng so highly valued by royal rulers in ancient times.
By using the whole mature root in its most natural form, Bing Han delivers an optimal dose of the ginsenosides, saponins, and other phytochemical antioxidants found to enhance physical, mental and emotional wellness.
Grown in our own fields and naturally processed to retain all the goodness of the whole root, Bing Han Ginseng is finely powdered for optimal absorption.
Growing & processing :
Bing Han’s Ginseng roots are cultivated on the company’s own 4000-acre ginseng farm high in the Changbai Mountain region of Northern China. This rural region is renowned for its unique micro-climate and soil conditions which provide the ideal moisture, soil type and growing conditions for premium quality ginseng.
On the Bing Han Ginseng Farm, ginseng roots are nurtured and allowed to grow for six full years to reach optimal maturity. This long, natural growing process helps to develop and concentrate the many active constituents and phytochemicals found in ginseng root.
Unlike other manufacturers who only use certain parts of the ginseng roots, Bing Han uses the whole, natural root including the “heads”, “skin”, and “beard.” These parts of the root contain some of the most active components (including ginsenoside and organic germanium) responsible for the unique qualities found in ginseng.
There are absolutely no fillers or adulterant herbs added to our product.
Unlike many ginseng companies who buy their ginseng roots on the open market, at Bing Han, we grow our own, in our own controlled fields, under strict growing conditions. No pesticides, fungicides, herbicides or artificial fertilizers are used throughout the whole six years that it takes to produce truly health-promoting ginseng roots.
Since ginseng roots absorb vital nutrients from the soil, our growing fields lie fallow for many years between plantings. This helps to regenerate and rest the soil, giving it ample time to regain fertility.
After carefully tending and harvesting our mature ginseng roots, our ginseng is taken to our own GMP and ISO certified processing plants in Taiwan where we use a low-temperature drying process designed to keep our ginseng natural and unadulterated. This drying method helps preserve the natural active agents.
Bing Han Ginseng is ground into fine powder for maximum assimilation by the body. Mixed with warm water and shaken until frothy, our Panax Ginseng provides an instant dose of stress-fighting ginsenosides
Bing Han Ginseng is made entirely from 100% pure, finely powdered whole Panax Ginseng roots. Unlike red ginseng products, Bing Han Panax Ginseng has nothing added and nothing taken away. You’ll taste and feel the difference.
Science of ginseng :
Pubmed research links :
The following includes original PubMed abstracts for dozens of Panax ginseng studies from scientists worldwide. PubMed is a free public service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. It is an invaluable online resource that includes over 17 million citations from MEDLINE and other life science journals for biomedical articles dating back to the 1950s. PubMed also includes links to full text articles and other related resources.
Healthy aging :
Sexual health :
Ginseng, sex behavior and nitric oxide :
Enhanced sperm :
Benefits for children :
Helpful for younger people :
Quality control standards :
Born in a small fishing village on the southwest coast of Taiwan in the 1950’s, young He-Shun Li lived most of his childhood in abject poverty. There was no financial or food security in his family’s day-to-day existence. He watched, with sorrow as his father suffered from chronic “Black foot” disease, a common affliction related to poor water quality in the destitute regions of Southeast Asia. Dr. Li still recalls the hardships, poverty and sickness of those days in Taiwan, when isolated communities such as his were often hit by severe events beyond their control. His many challenging childhood experiences fostered his lifelong compassion and caring for the wellbeing of others.
Bing Han Foundation is the giving hand of our company. We regularly sponsor non-profit and charitable events as part of our ongoing commitment to social and community stewardship.
Science of ginseng :
Pubmed research links :
The following includes original PubMed abstracts for dozens of Panax ginseng studies from scientists worldwide. PubMed is a free public service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. It is an invaluable online resource that includes over 17 million citations from MEDLINE and other life science journals for biomedical articles dating back to the 1950s. PubMed also includes links to full text articles and other related resources.
Active compounds in ginseng are being described by research scientists as having great value in supporting health as the risk of age-related problems increases.
Articles published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2006 and 2007 by researchers at medical colleges in China concluded that ginsenosides help regulate brain aging and have a neuro supportive (nerve-supporting) effect on the brain.
Austrian and Spanish researchers also found Panax ginseng’s ginsenosides to exert neuro supportive actions, suggesting they are a “valuable option” to promote neurological health.
A review of ginseng studies by doctors in Egypt was published in the Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. The reviewers confirmed that recent research shows ginseng exerts beneficial effects on aging and nerve-related problems.
Sources: Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2006, 2007 * Acta Neurobioliae Experimenatlis (2005, 2006) * Journal of Pharmacological Sciences (2006)
Invigorating tonic :
Anti-aging :
Yin/Yang activity :
Youthful skin :
Protect brain and nerve cells :
Ginsenosides for brain health :
Brain cell protection :
Cellular protection :
Ginseng gives antioxidant protection to the brain :
Anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng :
Heart and cardiovascular health :
Blood sugar and circulation :
Circulation improves :
Blood sugar :
Healthy weight :
Ginseng reduces cardiovascular risks :
Immune health :
Reduces allergy symptoms :
Shield against radioactivity :
Improved surgical outcomes :
Cancer prevention :
Ginseng for healthy immunity :
Ginseng shows anticarcinogenic properties :
De-stress :
Reduces exercise-induced injuries :
Protects muscle from exercise stress :
Rheumatoid arthritis relieved :
Stress reducer :
Panax ginseng best for chronic stress :
Herbal stress buster :
Faligue fighter :
Invigorating tonic :
| Journal | Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2006 Mar; 100(3):175-86. Epub 2006 Mar 4 |
| Title | Use of ginseng in medicine with emphasis on neurodegenerative disorders |
| Authors | Radad K, Gille G, Liu L, Rausch WD |
| Institution | Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt |
| khaledradad@hotmail.com | |
| Summary | Ginseng, the root of Panax species, is a well-known herbal medicine. It has been used as a traditional medicine in China, Korea, and Japan for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine.
The active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides which are also called ginseng saponins. Recently, there is increasing evidence in the literature on the pharmacological and physiological actions of ginseng.However, ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate weak bodies and help the restoration of homeostasis. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown its beneficial effects in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency, and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, recent research has suggested that some of ginseng’s active ingredients also exert beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. In general, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune-stimulatory activities are mostly underlying the possible ginseng-mediated protective mechanisms. Next to animal studies, data from neural cell cultures contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve decreasing nitric oxide (NO), scavenging of free radicals, and counteracting excitotoxicity.
In this review, we focus on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarize the current knowledge of its effects on CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518078
|
| Journal | Journal of Neurological Research. 2004 Jun; 26(4):422-8. |
| Title | Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells |
| Authors | Shen LH, Zhang JT |
| Institution | Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China |
| Summary | Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) exist not only in the developing brain, but also in certain areas in adult brain in mammals.
Recent studies suggest that promoting neurogenesis in adult mammals might provide a therapeutic way to cure age-related neurodegenerative diseases. So, it will be of great value to find out drugs that can increase the proliferation and/or differentiation ability of neural progenitors. The present study investigated the influence of ginsenoside Rg1, an active ingredient of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, on proliferation ability of rodent hippocampal progenitor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of NPCs with ginsenoside Rg1 resulted in significant increase in absorbency value, 3H-thymidine incorporation and the number of proliferating progenitor cell spheres; In addition, 2 weeks Rg1 administration (i.p.) led to marked enhancement of the number of dividing cells in the hippocampus of adult mice.
These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 is involved in the regulation of proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and this effect may serve as one of the elementary mechanisms underlying its nootropic and anti-aging actions.
Copyright 2004 W.S. Maney and Son Ltd
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518078
|
| Journal | Chinese Medicine. 2007 May 15; 2:6 |
| Title | Pharmacogenomics and the Yin/Yang actions of ginseng: anti-tumor, angiomodulating and steroid-like activities of ginsenosides |
| Authors | Yue PY, Mak NK, Cheng YK, Leung KW, Ng TB, Fan DT, Yeung HW, Wong RN |
| Institution | Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China |
| Summary |
In Chinese medicine, ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has long been used as a general tonic or an adaptogen to promote longevity and enhance bodily functions. It has also been claimed to be effective in combating stress, fatigue, oxidants, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Most of the pharmacological actions of ginseng are attributed to one type of its constituents, namely the ginsenosides.
In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the study of ginsenosides on angiogenesis which is related to many pathological conditions including tumor progression and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Angiogenesis in the human body is regulated by two sets of counteracting factors, angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors. The ‘Yin and Yang’ action of ginseng on angiomodulation was paralleled by the experimental data showing angiogenesis was indeed related to the compositional ratio between ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. Rg1 was later found to stimulate angiogenesis through augmenting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistic studies revealed that such responses were mediated through the PI3K–>Akt pathway. By means of DNA microarray, a group of genes related to cell adhesion, migration and cytoskeleton were found to be up-regulated in endothelial cells. These gene products may interact in a hierarchical cascade pattern to modulate cell architectural dynamics which is concomitant to the observed phenomena in angiogenesis. By contrast, the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of ginsenosides (e.g. Rg3 and Rh2) have been demonstrated in various models of tumor and endothelial cells, indicating that ginsenosides with opposing activities are present in ginseng.
Ginsenosides and Panax ginseng extracts have been shown to exert protective effects on vascular dysfunctions, such as hypertension, atherosclerotic disorders and ischemic injury. Recent work has demonstrates the target molecules of ginsenosides to be a group of nuclear steroid hormone receptors. These lines of evidence support that the interaction between ginsenosides and various nuclear steroid hormone receptors may explain the diverse pharmacological activities of ginseng. These findings may also lead to development of more efficacious ginseng-derived therapeutics for angiogenesis-related diseases.
In Chinese medicine, ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has long been used as a general tonic or an adaptogen to promote longevity and enhance bodily functions. It has also been claimed to be effective in combating stress, fatigue, oxidants, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Most of the pharmacological actions of ginseng are attributed to one type of its constituents, namely the ginsenosides.
In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the study of ginsenosides on angiogenesis which is related to many pathological conditions including tumor progression and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Angiogenesis in the human body is regulated by two sets of counteracting factors, angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors. The ‘Yin and Yang’ action of ginseng on angiomodulation was paralleled by the experimental data showing angiogenesis was indeed related to the compositional ratio between ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. Rg1 was later found to stimulate angiogenesis through augmenting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistic studies revealed that such responses were mediated through the PI3K–>Akt pathway. By means of DNA microarray, a group of genes related to cell adhesion, migration and cytoskeleton were found to be up-regulated in endothelial cells. These gene products may interact in a hierarchical cascade pattern to modulate cell architectural dynamics which is concomitant to the observed phenomena in angiogenesis. By contrast, the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of ginsenosides (e.g. Rg3 and Rh2) have been demonstrated in various models of tumor and endothelial cells, indicating that ginsenosides with opposing activities are present in ginseng. Ginsenosides and Panax ginseng extracts have been shown to exert protective effects on vascular dysfunctions, such as hypertension, atherosclerotic disorders and ischemic injury. Recent work has demonstrates the target molecules of ginsenosides to be a group of nuclear steroid hormone receptors. These lines of evidence support that the interaction between ginsenosides and various nuclear steroid hormone receptors may explain the diverse pharmacological activities of ginseng. These findings may also lead to development of more efficacious ginseng-derived therapeutics for angiogenesis-related diseases. PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17502003 |
| Journal | Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2007 Jan 3; 109(1):29-34. Epub 2006 Jul 3 |
| Title | Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling |
| Authors | Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M, So J, Ham Y, Jung K, Hyun CG, Kim YS, Park D |
| Institution | Biospectrum Life Science Institute, 101-701 SK VENTIUM, 522 Dangjung Dong, Gunpo City, 435-833 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea |
| Summary |
Skin aging appears to be principally related to a decrease in levels of Type I collagen, the primary component of the dermal layer of skin. It is important to introduce an efficient agent for effective management of skin aging; this agent should have the fewest possible side effects and the greatest wrinkle-reducing effect.
In the course of screening collagen production-promoting agents, we obtained Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. This study was designed to investigate the possible collagen production-promoting activities of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer root extract (PGRE) in human dermal fibroblast cells. As a first step to this end, human COL1A2 promoter luciferase assay was performed in human dermal fibroblast cells. In this assay, PGRE activated human COL1A2 promoter activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Human Type I procollagen synthesis was also induced by PGRE. These results suggest that PGRE promotes collagen production in human dermal fibroblast cells. Additionally, we have attempted to characterize the mechanism of action of PGRE in Type I procollagen synthesis. PGRE was found to induce the phosphorylation of Smad2, an important transcription factor in the production of Type I procollagen. When applied topically in a human skin primary irritation test, PGRE did not induce any adverse reactions.
Therefore, based on these results, we suggest the possibility that PGRE may be considered as an attractive, wrinkle-reducing candidate for topical application.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16890388
|
| Journal | Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2006; 66(4):369-75 |
| Title | Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides |
| Authors | Rausch WD, Liu S, Gille G, Radad K |
| Institution | Institute for Medical Chemistry, Veterinary Medical University, Veterindirplatz, 1 A-1210 Vienna, Austria |
| Summary | Ginseng, the root of the Panax species, is a well-known herbal medicine.
Traditionally it has been used in Korea, China and Japan for thousands of years. Nowadays it has become a popular and worldwide known health drug. Current scientific studies demonstrate in vivo and in vitro its beneficial effects in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, immune deficiency and hepatotoxicity. Ginsenosides or ginseng saponins as the active ingredients have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and immunostimulant properties, which raised speculations that these compounds could positively affect neurodegenerative disorders and delay neuronal aging. Conclusive clinical data in humans are still missing.
However, results from animal studies and neuronal cell culture experiments indicate that ginsenosides can counteract and attenuate factors promoting neuronal death as environmental toxins, excitotoxic action of glutamate and rises in intracellular calcium, excessive release of free radicals and apoptotic events.
Thus, neuroprotective actions of ginsenosides could come about as a valuable option to slow down neurodegenerative diseases.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17265697
|
| Journal | Brain Research. 2006 Aug 23; 1106(1):91-8. Epub 2006 Jul 11 |
| Title | Ginsenoside Rb1 promotes neurotransmitter release by modulating phosphorylation of synapsins through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway |
| Authors | Xue JF, Liu ZJ, Hu JF, Chen H, Zhang JT, Chen NH |
| Institution | Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China |
| Summary |
Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), has been extensively used in traditional oriental medicine for the prevention and treatment of aging-related disorders for over 2000 years. Accumulating evidence suggests that ginsenosides such as Rg1 and Rb1, which are the pharmacologically active ingredients of ginseng, modulate neurotransmission. Synapsins are abundant phosphoproteins essential for regulating neurotransmitter release. All synapsins contain a short amino-terminal domain A that is highly conserved and phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which plays a key role in regulating neurotransmitter release.
In the present study, we demonstrated that both Rg1 and Rb1 increased neurotransmitter release in undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells. However, in the presence of the PKA inhibitor H89, Rg1, but not Rb1, still induced neurotransmitter release. Moreover, Rb1, but not Rg1, enhanced the phosphorylation of synapsins via PKA pathway.
In summary, Rb1 promotes neurotransmitter release by increasing the phosphorylation of synapsins through the PKA pathway, whereas the similar effects observed with Rg1 are independent of the phosphorylation of synapsins.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16836988
|
| Journal | Acta Pharmacologia Sinica. 2005 Feb; 26(2):143-9 |
| Title | Anti-amnesic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 and its mechanism of action |
| Authors | Cheng Y, Shen LH, Zhang JT |
| Institution | Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China |
| Summary |
In the present paper, we overview the discovery of new biological activities induced by ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 and discuss possible mechanisms of action. Both compounds could increase neural plasticity in efficacy and structure; especially Rg1, as one small molecular drug, can increase proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus of normal adult mice and global ischemia model in gerbils.
This finding has great value for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders which is characterized by neurons loss. Increase of expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor, Bcl-2 and antioxidant enzyme, enhanced new synapse formation, inhibition of apoptosis and calcium overload are also important neuron protective factors. Rg1 and Rb1 have common effects, but there are some differences in pharmacology and mechanism.
These differences may attribute to their different chemical structure. Rg1 is panaxtriol with two sugars, while Rb1 is panaxtriol with four sugars.
|
| Journal | Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2006 Oct; 44(10):838-41 |
| Title | Ginseng extract exhibits antimutagenic activity against induced mutagenesis in various strains of Salmonella typhimurium |
| Authors | Geetha T, Saini A, Kaur IP |
| Institution | Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India |
| Summary |
Ginseng has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and antimutagenic activity. The present study was undertaken with a view to confirm whether the antioxidant activity of Ginseng is responsible for its antimutagenic action. The concentrated root extract of Panax ginseng (Ginseng extract I) and its lyophilized powder (Ginseng extract II) obtained from two different manufacturing houses, were tested against mutagenesis using the well-standardized Ames microsomal test system. The extracts exhibited antimutagenic effect against hydrogen peroxide induced mutagenesis in TA100 strain, and against mutagenesis produced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in both TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Both the extracts failed to show any antimutagenic potential against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (an oxidative mutagen) in TA102 strain, a strain highly sensitive to active oxygen species. The extracts also indicated a weak antioxidant activity in a series of in vitro test systems viz., 1,1-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and superoxide anion scavenging.
The results indicate that the protective effects shown by ginseng extract(s) against 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide and hydrogen peroxide induced mutagenesis in TA98 and TA100 could mainly be due to its property to initiate and promote DNA repair rather than free radical scavenging action.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131915
|
| Journal | Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Sep; 1770(9):1308-16. Epub 2007 Jun 28 |
| Title | Neuroprotective effect of individual ginsenosides on astrocytes primary culture |
| Authors | López MV, Cuadrado MP, Ruiz-Poveda OM, Del Fresno AM, Accame ME |
| Institution | Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain |
| Summary |
Most of the known pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng on the central nervous system are due to its major components – ginsenosides.
Although the antioxidant ability of ginseng root has already been established, this activity has never been evaluated for isolated ginsenosides on astrocytes. The activity of protopanaxadiols Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc and Rd, and protopanaxatriols Re and Rg(1) was evaluated in vitro on astrocytes primary culture by means of an oxidative stress model with H(2)O(2). The viability of astrocytes was determined by the MTT reduction assay and by the LDH release into the incubation medium.
The effects on the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were also investigated. Exposure of astrocytes to H(2)O(2) decreased cell viability as well as the antioxidant enzymes activity and increased ROS formation. Oxidative stress produced significant cell death that was reduced by previous treatment with the tested ginsenosides.
Ginsenosides Rb(1), Rb(2), Re and Rg(1) were effective in reducing astrocytic death, while Rb(1), Rb(2), Rd, Re and Rg(1) decreased ROS formation, ginsenoside Re being the most active. Ginsenosides from P. ginseng induce neuroprotection mainly through activation of antioxidant enzymes.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17659841
|
| Journal | Neuroscience Letters. 2007 Jun 21; 421(1):37-41. Epub 2007 May 22 |
| Title | Ginsenosides compound K and Rh(2) inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of the NF-kappaB and JNK pathways in human astroglial cells |
| Authors | Choi K, Kim M, Ryu J, Choi C |
| Institution | Laboratory of Computational Cell Biology, Department of Brain and Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea |
| Summary |
Ginsenosides, the main component of Panax ginseng, have been known for the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenosides on activated astroglial cells. Among 13 different ginsenosides, intestinal bacterial metabolites Rh(2) and compound K (C-K) showed a significant inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human astroglial cells. Pretreatment with C-K or Rh(2) suppressed TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha kinase and the subsequent phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Additionally, the same treatment inhibited TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of MKK4 and the subsequent activation of the JNK-AP-1 pathway. The inhibitory effect of ginsenosides on TNF-alpha-induced activation of the NF-kappaB and JNK pathways was not observed in human monocytic U937 cells.
These results collectively indicate that ginsenoside metabolites C-K and Rh(2) exert anti-inflammatory effects by the inhibition of both NF-kappaB and JNK pathways in a cell-specific manner.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548155
|
| Journal | Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 2007 May 22; 111(3):567-72. Epub 2007 Jan 12 |
| Title | Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on cardiac hypertrophy induced by monocrotaline in rat |
| Authors | Jiang QS, Huang XN, Dai ZK, Yang GZ, Zhou QX, Shi JS, Wu Q |
| Institution | Chongqing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, 400016 Chongqing, China |
| Summary |
Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, has been used as folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years in China. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the effective components of ginseng, has been reported to release nitric oxide and decrease intracellular free Ca2+ in cardiac myocytes, both of which play important roles in antihypertrophic effect. This study was to investigate the potential effect of Rb1 on right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and its possible influence on calcineurin (CaN) signal transduction pathway. MCT-treated animals were administered with Rb1 (10 and 40 mg /kg) from day 1 to day 14 (preventive administration) or from day 15 to day 28 (therapeutic administration), or with vehicle as corresponding controls. After 2 weeks, significantly hypertrophic reactions, including RVH index and the expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA, appeared in right ventricle of all MCT-treated animals (p < 0.05), which were significantly decreased with some improvements of myocardial pathomorphology in both Rb1 prevention- and therapy-groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, MCT-treatment caused the high expressions of mRNA and/or proteins of CaN, NFAT3 and GATA4 from cardiocytes (p < 0.05) and Rb1 could alleviate the expressions of these factors above (p < 0.05).
These results suggest that Rb1 treatment can inhibit the RVH induced by MCT, which may be involved in its inhibitory effects on CaN signal transduction pathway.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17374466
|
Circulation improves :
| Journal | Life Sciences. 2007 Jul 19; 81(6):509-18. Epub 2007 Jun 28 |
| Title | Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery |
| Authors | Sun K, Wang CS, Guo J, Horie Y, Fang SP, Wang F, Liu YY, Liu LY, Yang JY, Fan JY, Han JY |
| Institution | Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China |
| Summary | Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), and notoginsenoside R1 (R1) are major active components of Panax notoginseng, a Chinese herb that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis. To evaluate the effect of these saponins on microcirculatory disturbance induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), vascular hemodynamics in rat mesentery was observed continuously during their administration using an inverted microscope and a high speed video camera system. LPS administration decreased red blood cell velocity but Rb1, Rg1, and R1 attenuated this effect. LPS administration caused leukocyte adhesion to the venular wall, mast cell degranulation, and the release of cytokines. Rb1, Rg1, and R1 reduced the number of adherent leukocytes, and inhibited mast cell degranulation and cytokine elevation. In vitro experiments using flow cytometry further demonstrated that a) the LPS-enhanced expression of CD11b/CD18 by neutrophils was significantly depressed by Rb1 and R1, and b) hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) release from neutrophils in response to LPS stimulation was inhibited by treatment with Rg1 and R1.
These results suggest that the protective effect of Rb1 and R1 against leukocyte adhesion elicited by LPS may be associated with their suppressive action on the expression of CD11b/CD18 by neutrophils. The protective effect against mast cell degranulation by Rb1 and R1, and the blunting of H(2)O(2) release from neutrophils by Rg1 and R1 suggest mechanistic diversity in the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins in the attenuation of microcirculatory disturbance induced by LPS.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17655881
|
| Journal | Hormone and Metabolic Research. 2007 May; 39(5):347-54 |
| Title | Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the active principles of Panax ginseng root to improve insulin sensitivity in fructose-rich chow-fed rats |
| Authors | Lee WK, Kao ST, Liu IM, Cheng JT |
| Institution | Graduate School of Chinese Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, RO China |
| Summary | Ginsenoside Rh2, one of the ginsenosides contained in the Panax ginseng root, was employed to screen the effect on insulin resistance of rats induced by a diet containing 60% fructose. Single intravenous injection of ginsenoside Rh2 decreased the plasma glucose concentrations in 60 minutes in a dose-dependent manner from 0.1 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg in rats with insulin resistance induced by fructose-rich chow. Repeated intravenous injection of ginsenoside Rh2 (1 mg/kg per injection, 3 times daily) into rats which received fructose-rich chow for 3 consecutive days decreased the value of glucose-insulin index, the product of the areas under the curve of glucose and insulin during the intraperitoneal (i.p.) glucose tolerance test. This means that ginsenoside Rh2 has an ability to improve insulin action on glucose disposal. The plasma glucose lowering action of tolbutamide, induced by the secretion of endogenous insulin, is widely used to characterize the formation of insulin resistance. Time for the loss of plasma glucose lowering response to tolbutamide (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats during insulin resistance induction by fructose-rich chow was also markedly delayed by the repeated treatment of ginsenoside Rh2, as compared to the vehicle-treated control.
Thus, the repeated treatment of ginsenoside Rh2 delayed the development of insulin resistance in high fructose feeding rats. Increase of insulin sensitivity by ginsenoside Rh2 was further identified using the plasma glucose lowering action of exogenous insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats). Repeated injection of ginsenoside Rh2 at the same dosing (1 mg/kg, 3 times daily) into STZ-diabetic rats for 10 days made an increase of the responses to exogenous insulin. Taken together, it can be concluded that ginsenoside Rh2 has an ability to improve insulin sensitivity and it seems suitable to use ginsenoside Rh2 as an adjuvant for diabetic patients and/or the subjects wishing to increase insulin sensitivity.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17533576
|
| Journal | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007 Apr 18; 55(8):2824-8. Epub 2007 Mar 17 |
| Title | Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor |
| Authors | Karu N, Reifen R, Kerem Z |
| Institution | Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, and the Otto Warburg Minerva Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, The Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel |
| Summary | Roots of the herb Panax ginseng are known to contain high levels of bioactive saponins. Here, we isolated saponins from ginseng root powder and studied their inhibitory effect on the absorption of dietary fat in male Balb/c mice. Consumption of ginseng saponins suppressed the expected increase in body weight and plasma triacylglycerols, following a high-fat diet and observed higher intake. Consumption of ginseng saponins had no effect on the concentration of the total plasma cholesterol in both chow and high-fat diets in mice. The mode by which saponins from ginseng inhibit lipid metabolism was assessed as the in vitro inhibition of pancreatic lipase. Ginseng saponin inhibited pancreatic lipase with an apparent IC50 value of 500 mug/mL.
Our results suggest that the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of Ginseng in high-fat diet-treated mice were attributed to the isolated saponin fraction. These metabolic effects of the ginseng saponins may be mediated by inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17367157
|
| Journal | Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2006 Dec; 29(12):2425-31 |
| Title | Ginseng saponins diminish adverse vascular effects associated with chronic methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia |
| Authors | Kim JH, Cho SY, Kang CW, Yoon IS, Lee JH, Jeong SM, Lee BH, Lee JH, Pyo MK, Choi SH, Quan SF, Lee JH, Choi CB, Rhim H, Nah SY |
| Institution | Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Summary | Recent studies have shown that Panax ginseng has a variety of beneficial effects on the cardiovascular systems. Homocysteine (Hcy), which is derived from L-methionine (Met), has been closely associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
In the present study, we examined whether in vivo long-term administration of ginseng saponins (GS), active ingredients of Panax ginseng, attenuate adverse vascular effects associated with chronic Met-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (H-Hcy). We found that plasma Hcy level, which was measured after 30 and 60 d, in GS (100 mg/kg)+Met co-administration group was significantly reduced when it was compared with Met alone treatment group. We could also observe the alleviation of endothelial damages of aortic artery vessels in GS (100 mg/kg)+Met co-administration group compared with Met alone treatment group. We compared aortic vasocontractile and vasodilatory responses between Met alone and GS (100 mg/kg)+Met co-treatment groups. We found that norepinephrine-induced vasocontractile responses were greatly decreased in GS (100 mg/kg)+Met co-treatment group and that carbachol-induced dilatory responses were greatly enhanced in GS (100 mg/kg)+Met co-administration groups as compared with Met alone treatment group.
The present results indicate that in vivo long-term administration of GS attenuates adverse vascular effects associated with chronic Met-induced H-Hcy in rats.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17142976
|
Reduces allergy symptoms :
| Journal | International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2004 Feb; 133(2):113-20. Epub 2004 Jan 21 |
| Title | Ginsenoside Rh1 possesses antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities |
| Authors | Park EK, Choo MK, Han MJ, Kim DH |
| Institution | College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Summary | Background: Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been reported to possess various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions. In this study, we investigated the antiallergic activity of ginsenosides isolated from ginseng.
Methods:
We isolated ginsenosides by silica gel column chromatography and examined their in vitro and in vivo antiallergic effect on rat peritoneal mast cells and on IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside Rh1 (Rh1) in RAW264.7 cells was investigated.
Results:
Rh1 potently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and the IgE-mediated PCA reaction in mice. The inhibitory activity of Rh1 (87% inhibition at 25 mg/kg) on the PCA reaction was found to be more potent than that of disodium cromoglycate (31% inhibition at 25 mg/kg); Rh1 was also found to have a membrane-stabilizing action as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry. It also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells, and the activation of the transcription factor, NF-kappaB, in nuclear fractions.
Conclusion:
The antiallergic action of Rh1 may originate from its cell membrane-stabilizing and anti-inflammatory activities, and can improve the inflammation caused by allergies. Copyright 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739579
|
| Journal | Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 2007 Mar; 40(2):74-81. |
| Title | Radioprotective Potential of Plants and Herbs against the Effects of Ionizing Radiation |
| Authors | C Jagetia G |
| Institution | Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576 104, India |
| Summary | Ionizing radiations produce deleterious effects in the living organisms and the rapid technological advancement has increased human exposure to ionizing radiations enormously. There is a need to protect humans against such effects of ionizing radiation. Attempts to protect against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiations by pharmacological intervention were made as early as 1949 and efforts are continued to search radioprotectors, which may be of great help for human application. This review mainly dwells on the radioprotective potential of plant and herbal extracts.
The results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that several botanicals such as Gingko biloba, Centella asiatica, Hippophae rhamnoides, Ocimum sanctum, Panax ginseng, Podophyllum hexandrum, Amaranthus paniculatus, Emblica officinalis, Phyllanthus amarus, Piper longum, Tinospora cordifoila, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Syzygium cumini, Zingiber officinale, Ageratum conyzoides, Aegle marmelos and Aphanamixis polystachya protect against radiation-induced lethality, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The fractionation-guided evaluation may help to develop new radioprotectors of desired activities.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18188408
|
| Journal | Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2005 Aug; 130(2):258-64 |
| Title | Ginsenosides compound (shen-fu) attenuates gastrointestinal injury and inhibits inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with congenital heart disease |
| Authors | Xia ZY, Liu XY, Zhan LY, He YH, Luo T, Xia Z |
| Institution | Anesthesiology Research Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, China |
| Summary | Objective: This study was undertaken to demonstrate that gastrointestinal mucosal injury occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass in children, increasing systemic inflammatory responses, and to determine whether shen-fu injection (the major components of which are ginsenosides compound, extract of Panax ginseng shown to have antioxidant properties) could attenuate gastrointestinal mucosal injury and subsequent inflammatory responses.
Methods:
Twenty-four children undergoing heart surgery for congenital heart defects were randomly assigned to groups C (placebo control, n = 12) and G (1.35 mg/kg ginsenosides compound intravenously before and throughout the course of cardiopulmonary bypass, n = 12). Central venous blood samples were taken before cardiopulmonary bypass and at 60 and 120 minutes after aortic declamping (reperfusion). Gastric intramucosal pH was measured by perioperative tonometry. Plasma lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, myocardium-specific creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity, diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin 6 were all measured.
Results:
Significant decrease in gastric intramucosal pH and increase in plasma diamine oxidase were seen during reperfusion in group C, accompanied by increases in plasma levels of malondialdehyde, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 6, and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (P < .01 vs before cardiopulmonary bypass). Shen-fu injection significantly attenuated these changes (P < .05). Consequently, fewer patients in group G (2/12) than in group C (7/12) needed postoperative inotropic support. Postoperative intensive care unit stay was shorter in group G than in group C. A tight positive correlation was seen between diamine oxidase and interleukin 6 at 60 minutes after aortic declamping and between diamine oxidase and lipopolysaccharide at 120 minutes after aortic declamping (r = 0.79, P < .0001).
Conclusion:
Ginsenosides compound may attenuate gastrointestinal injury and inhibit inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with congenital heart disease.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16077384
|
| Journal | Lancet Oncology. 2001 Jan;2(1):49-55. |
| Title | Panax ginseng–a non-organ-specific cancer preventive? |
| Authors | Yun TK. |
| Institution | Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| tkyun@nuri.net | |
| Summary | For the past 50 years, the main weapons in the war against cancer have been early detection and surgical removal, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and attempts to develop gene therapy.
However, the results so far are less than ideal. One strategy now is to switch from therapeutic approaches to prevention of cancer by improving lifestyle and by identifying effective natural products as chemopreventive agents. One promising candidate with cancer-preventive effects that are not specific to any organ is Panax ginseng C A Meyer, a herb with a long medicinal history. Its protective influence against cancer has been shown by extensive preclinical and epidemiological studies, but these effects need to be carefully investigated by scientific clinical trials focusing on the major cancer killers stomach, lung, liver, and colorectal cancer.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11905620
|
| Journal | Indian Journal of Medical research. 2006 Aug; 124(2):199-206 |
| Title | The effect of Panax ginseng on forced immobility time & immune function in mice |
| Authors | Shin HY, Jeong HJ; Hyo-Jin-An, Hong SH, Um JY, Shin TY, Kwon SJ, Jee SY, Seo BI, Shin SS, Yang DC, Kim HM |
| Institution | College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Summary | Background & Objectives: Panax ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine for many years mainly among Asian peoples for developing physical strength. We undertook this study to determine the immune-enhancement effect of P. ginseng using a forced swimming test (FST) and by measuring cytokine production in MOLT-4 cell culture and mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Methods:
P. ginseng was orally administered to mice once a day for 7 days. The anti-immobility effect of P. ginseng on the FST and blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue, glucose (Glc); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); latic dehydrogenase (LDH); total protein (TP) and production of cytokines in human T cell line, MOLT-4 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages were investigated.
Results:
After two and seven days, the immobility time was decreased in the P. ginseng administrated mice as compared to the control group; however, this reduction was not significant. In addition, the amount of TP in the blood serum was significantly increased. However, the levels of Glc, BUN, and LDH did not show a significant change. P. ginseng significantly (P<0.05) increased interferon (IFN)-gamma production and expression as compared to control at 48 h in MOLT-4 cells. P. ginseng plus recombinant IFN-gamma instead of P. ginseng alone significantly increased the production of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Interpretation & Conclusion:
Our results suggest that P. ginseng may be useful for an immune promoter. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of its action.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015935
|
| Journal | Yao Li Xue Bao. 1996 Jul; 17(4):293-8 |
| Title | Saponin contents and anticarcinogenic effects of ginseng depending on types and ages in mice |
| Authors | Yun TK, Lee YS, Kwon HY, Choi KJ |
| Institution | Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
| Summary | Aim: To compare the anticarcinogenic effects of fresh, white, and red ginseng (Panax ginseng C A Meyer) roots and their saponins.
Methods:
Lung adenoma in newborn N:GP (S) mice was induced by a subcutaneous injection of benzo(a)pyrene 0.5 mg. After weaning, ginseng powders or extracts were given in the drinking water for 6 wk. In the 9th wk the incidence and multiplicity of lung adenoma were counted.
Results:
Anticarcinogenic effects were found in 6-year-dried fresh ginseng, 5- and 6-year white ginseng, and 4-, 5-, and 6-year-red ginseng powders. Anticarcinogenic effects were also found in 6-year-dried fresh ginseng, 5- and 6-year-white ginseng, and 4-, 5-, and 6-year-red ginseng extracts. The content of major ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 showed a little higher tendency in fresh or white ginsengs than red ginseng. This tendency was increased as the cultivation ages were increased. But there was no relationship was found between ginsenoside contents and preparation types or cultivation ages.
Conclusion:
Long-cultivated ginseng and red ginseng contain a higher amount of anticarcinogenic components.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812705
|
Reduces exercise-induced injuries :
| Journal | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001 Nov; 130(3):369-77 |
| Title | Protective effects of Panax ginseng on muscle injury and inflammation after eccentric exercise |
| Authors | Cabral de Oliveira AC, Perez AC, Merino G, Prieto JG, Alvarez AI |
| Institution | Department of Physiology, University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain |
| Summary |
Eccentric muscle contraction causes fibre injury associated with disruption of the myofibrillar cytoskeleton. The medicinal plant Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, known for its therapeutic properties, was studied to explore its protective effects after eccentric contraction. A crude extract and a standardised extract (G115) of different saponin compositions were tested as to their efficacy in reducing lipid peroxidation, inflammation and release of myocellular proteins after the realisation of an eccentric contraction protocol on a rat treadmill. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly reduced by approximately 25% after ingestion of both extracts of ginseng.
Both extracts reduced lipid peroxidation by approximately 15% as measured by malondialdehyde levels. beta-Glucuronidase concentrations and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) levels, which can be considered markers of inflammation, were also significantly reduced. The values of beta-glucuronidase were increased from 35.9+/-1.5 to 128.4+/-8.1 in vastus and to 131.1+/-12.1 U x g(-1) in rectus, the protection due to ginseng administration being approximately 40% in both muscles. Both extracts appeared to be equally effective in reducing injuries and inflammation caused by eccentric muscle contractions.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701393
|
| Journal | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2004 Dec; 37(12):1863-71. Epub 2004 Nov 17 |
| Title | Ginseng administration protects skeletal muscle from oxidative stress induced by acute exercise in rats |
| Authors | Voces J, Cabral de Oliveira AC, Prieto JG, Vila L, Perez AC, Duarte ID, Alvarez AI |
| Institution | Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain |
| Summary |
Enzymatic activity was analyzed in the soleus, gastrocnemius (red and white) and plantaris muscles of acutely exercised rats after long-term administration of Panax ginseng extract in order to evaluate the protective role of ginseng against skeletal muscle oxidation. Ginseng extract (3, 10, 100, or 500 mg/kg) was administered orally for three months to male Wistar rats weighing 200 +/- 50 g before exercise and to non-exercised rats (N = 8/group).
The results showed a membrane stabilizing capacity of the extract since mitochondrial function measured on the basis of citrate synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities was reduced, on average, by 20% (P < 0.05) after exercise but the activities remained unchanged in animals treated with a ginseng dose of 100 mg/kg. Glutathione status did not show significant changes after exercise or treatment. Lipid peroxidation, measured on the basis of malondialdehyde levels, was significantly higher in all muscles after exercise, and again was reduced by about 74% (P < 0.05) by the use of ginseng extract. The administration of ginseng extract was able to protect muscle from exercise-induced oxidative stress irrespective of fiber type.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15558193
|
| Journal | Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2007 Jul; 27(7):589-92 |
| Title | Clinical study on effect of total panax notoginseng saponins on immune related inner environment imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis patients [Article in Chinese] |
| Authors | Zhang JH, Wang JP, Wang HJ |
| Institution | Department of Rheumatology, Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China |
| qisecaihong89@126.com | |
| Summary |
Objective:
To study the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of total panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to observe its safety and influence on RA immune related inner environment.
Methods:
Eighty-four patients were randomly assigned to two groups. All were treated with the routine therapy with diclofenac sodium, Leflunomide and prednisone, but for the 43 patients in the treatment group PNS was given additionally. The therapeutic course was 28 days for both groups. Clinical efficacy and change of indexes including platelet counts, immnuoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C)3, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CER), haptoglobin (HPT), and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were observed.
Results:
Significant improvement of clinical symptoms, including the joint swelling index, joint tenderness index, joint pain index, time of morning stiffness and VAS revealed in both groups after treatment, and the effect in the treatment group was better (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PLT, CER, AAG, HPT, CRP, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and RF were lowered in both groups (P<0.01), but the lowering in PLT, CER, AAG and CRP in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).
Conclusion:
PNS can significantly improve the condition of patients, enhance the therapeutic effect in treating RA, through regulating the disordered immunity and improving the effect of anti-inflammatory and analgesia.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717913
|
| Journal | Pharmacological Research. 2006 Jul; 54(1):46-9. Epub 2006 Mar 10 |
| Title | The antistress effect of ginseng total saponin and ginsenoside Rg3 and Rb1 evaluated by brain polyamine level under immobilization stress |
| Authors | Lee SH, Jung BH, Kim SY, Lee EH, Chung BC |
| Institution | Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea |
| Summary |
The present study aims to demonstrate the ability of ginseng total saponin (GTS), ginsenosides Rg3 and Rb1 to reduce brain polyamine levels in immobilization-stressed gerbil mice. A previous study reported that ginsenosides had an anti-stress property.
So, we tested the anti-stress effect of ginseng by investigating the brain level of polyamine, a well-known stress stimuli marker. We determined the brain polyamine levels under 30-min immobilization stress in pretreating GTS (100 mgkg(-1), oral), ginsenosides Rg3 and Rb1 (10 mgkg(-1), oral, respectively).
Then, we compared polyamine levels between the non-stressed mouse and the stressed mouse which had taken saline orally to check the placebo effect. Putrescine (PUT) levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the stressed condition, but it was reduced in pretreatment of GTS, ginsenosides Rg3 (P < 0.01, respectively) and Rb1 (P < 0.001) under 30-min immobilization stressed-mouse.
However, other polyamine levels did not change regardless of stressed condition or GTS-, ginsenosides Rg3- and Rb1-treated stressed condition.These results mean that only PUT could be a marker for stress and GTS, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rb1 administration lead to an anti-stress effect.
Thus, our studies indicate that GTS, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rb1 may play a neuroprotective role in the immobilization-stressed brain.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16530422
|
| Journal | The Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2003 Dec; 93(4):458-64 |
| Title | Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a comparative study |
| Authors | Rai D, Bhatia G, Sen T, Palit G |
| Institution | Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India |
| Summary |
Stress is a global menace fortified by the advancement of industrialization. Failure of stress management is due to lack of proper evaluation of anti-stress products.
We explored the anti-stress potential of the Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) and compared it with that of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) against acute stress (AS) and chronic stress (CS) models in rats. Immediately after AS and CS, the rats were sacrificed, and adrenal glands and stomach were dissected out for weight determination and scoring of the ulcer index (UI), respectively, as well as changes in biochemical parameters like plasma glucose (GL), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CL), creatine kinase (CK), and serum corticosterone (CORT) were also estimated. AS significantly increased UI, adrenal gland weight (AGW), GL, CK activity, and CORT, whereas G. biloba significantly reduced them. P. ginseng significantly reverted GL and CK activity. In CS, a significant increase was found in the UI, AGW, CK activity, and CORT with a decrease in the level of CL and TG. G. biloba did not produce any significant effect on CS-induced alterations. P. ginseng reduced the UI, AGW, plasma GL, TG, CK activity, and CORT level significantly.
From the above study, G. biloba is more effective in AS, whereas for CS, P. ginseng will be a better option. Hence these extracts possess significant anti-stress properties and can be used for the treatment of stress-induced disorders.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14737017
|
| Journal | Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2004 Jun; 95(2):140-4 |
| Title | Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: suppression of adrenal medullary function in vitro by ginseng |
| Authors | Tachikawa E, Kudo K |
| Institution | Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University |
| etachika@iwate-med.ac.jp | |
| Summary |
The root of Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER has been reported to have an anti-stress action.
Therefore, the effects of ginseng components on functions of adrenal medulla, which is one of the most important organs responsive to stress, were investigated in vitro.
First, the components of ginseng were mainly divided into two fractions, that is, the saponin-rich and non-saponin fractions. The saponin-rich fraction greatly reduced the secretion of catecholamines from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), whereas the non-saponin fraction did not affect it at all. The protopanaxatriol-type saponins inhibited the ACh-evoked secretion much more strongly than the protopanaxadiol-type.
On the other hand, the oleanane-type saponin, ginsenoside-Ro, had no such effect. Recent reports have demonstrated that the saponins in ginseng are metabolized and absorbed in digestive tracts following oral administration of ginseng. All of the saponin metabolites greatly reduced the ACh-evoked secretion. M4 was the most effective inhibitor among the metabolites. M4 blocked ACh-induced Na(+) influx and ion inward current into the chromaffin cells and into the Xenopus oocytes expressing human alpha3beta4 nicotinic ACh receptors, respectively, suggesting that the saponin metabolites modulate nicotinic ACh receptors followed by the reduction of catecholamine secretion.
It is highly possible that these effects of ginsenosides and their metabolites are associated with the anti-stress action of ginseng.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15215636
|
| Journal | American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 1995; 23(2):167-72 |
| Title | Effects of ginseng on the blood chemistry profile of dexamethasone-treated male rats |
| Authors | Lin JH, Wu LS, Tsai KT, Leu SP, Jeang YF, Hsieh MT |
| Institution | Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, RO China |
| Summary |
Ginseng, a panacea in the Orient, has been widely investigated in the last two decades and found to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-fatigue properties, a transient regulatory action on metabolism and blood pressure, and an increase in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical activities.
However, a panoramic clinical chemistry study including adrenal and thyroid functions has never been done before. Two experiments with the same design but different concentrations of dexamethasone were performed in this study. The results obtained from the two experiments indicated that ginseng administration at this regime did not influence the blood chemistry profiles in normal rats, but significantly decreased AST and ALT levels from those in dexamethasone-treated ones.
It implies that ginseng has a liver-protective effect. Meanwhile, ginseng therapy restores the adrenal and thyroid functions of rats inhibited by dexamethasone treatment.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7572778
|
Male fertility and panax ginseng :
| Journal | Archives of Pharmacal Research. 2006 Sep;29(9):800-7The therapeutic effect of tissue cultured root of wild Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer on spermatogenetic disorder |
| Title | The therapeutic effect of tissue cultured root of wild Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer on spermatogenetic disorder |
| Authors | Park JS, Hwang SY, Lee WS, Yu KW, Paek KY, Hwang BY, Han K |
| Institution | College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea |
| Summary | This study examined the possibility of using a tissue cultured root of wild Panax ginseng (tcwPG) as a fertility agent.
The effect of tcwPG on spermatogenesis was studied using male rats. The tcwPG crude powder was administered orally to 7-week-old rats over a 6-week period. The number of sperm in the testes and epididymides was significantly higher than the control. A histological examination did not reveal any morphological changes in the testes from the tcwPG powder treated rats.
Moreover, there were no significant differences in the weights of the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, brain, testes and epididymides. Oligospermia was also induced by administering 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodaibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to the rats in order to estimate the feasibility of using tcwPG as treatment for infertility caused by spermatogenic disorders. After exposing the rats to TCDD, the tcwPG saponin fraction treated rats showed some improvement in the body weight, sperm number and testis morphology.
It was estimated that tcwPG had feasibility as a therapeutic agent on spermatogenic disorder.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17024855
|
| Journal | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2002 May; 962:372-7 |
| Title | Ginseng, sex behavior, and nitric oxide |
| Authors | Murphy LL, Lee TJ |
| Institution | Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA |
| lmurphy@siumed.edu | |
| Summary | In Asia, ginseng is commonly included in herbals used for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Recent studies in laboratory animals have shown that both Asian and American forms of ginseng enhance libido and copulatory performance.
These effects of ginseng may not be due to changes in hormone secretion, but to direct effects of ginseng, or its ginsenoside components, on the central nervous system and gonadal tissues. Indeed, there is good evidence that ginsenosides can facilitate penile erection by directly inducing the vasodilatation and relaxation of penile corpus cavernosum. Moreover, the effects of ginseng on the corpus cavernosum appear to be mediated by the release and/or modification of release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells and perivascular nerves. Treatment with American ginseng also affects the central nervous system and has been shown to significantly alter the activity of hypothalamic catecholamines involved in the facilitation of copulatory behavior and hormone secretion.
Recent findings that ginseng treatment decreased prolactin secretion also suggested a direct nitric oxide-mediated effect of ginseng at the level of the anterior pituitary. Thus, animal studies lend growing support for the use of ginseng in the treatment of sexual dysfunction and provide increasing evidence for a role of nitric oxide in the mechanism of ginsenoside action.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076988
|
| Journal | Mol Reprod Dev. 2007 Apr; 74(4):497-501 |
| Title | Ginsenoside Re promotes human sperm capacitation through nitric oxide-dependent pathway |
| Authors | Zhang H, Zhou Q, Li X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu H, Li N |
| Institution | Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China |
| zhangh@impcas.ac.cn | |
| Summary | The regulation of sperm capacitation is important for successful fertilization. Ginsenosides, the biologically effective components of ginseng, have been found to enhance intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production and the latter has recently been indicated to play a significant role in modulation of sperm functions.
We investigated the effect of Ginsenoside Re on human sperm capacitation in vitro and the mechanism by which the Ginsenosides play their roles. Spermatozoa were separated by Percoll and incubated with 0, 1, 10, or 100 microM of Ginsenoside Re. The percentages of spontaneous and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced acrosome reaction (AR), as a measure of sperm capacitation, were assayed with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA). The intracellular cGMP level was measured by [(3)H] cGMP radioimmunoassay system.
The results showed that the percentages of both spontaneous and LPC-induced AR and intracellular cGMP level were significantly enhanced by Ginsenoside Re with a concentration-dependent manner. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 nM), a NO donor, mimicked the effects of Ginsenoside Re. And pretreatment with a NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) or a NO scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (LNAC, 1 mM) completely blocked the effects of Ginsenoside Re.
Furthermore, the AR-inducing effect of Ginsenoside Re was significantly reduced in the presence of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY83583 or cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PCK) inhibitor KT5823, whereas addition of the cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP significantly increased the AR of human spermatozoa. Data suggested that Ginsenoside Re is beneficial to sperm capacitation and AR, and that the effect is accomplished through NO/cGMP/PKG pathway.
PubMed Link – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17013883
|
Improves brain power in young people :
| Journal | Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2006 Nov; 20(6):771-81. Epub 2006 Jan 9 |
| Title | Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained ‘mentally demanding’ tasks |
| Authors | Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB |
| Institution | Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK |
| Summary |
Single doses of the traditional herbal treatment Panax ginseng have recently been shown to lower blood glucose levels and elicit cognitive improvements in healthy, overnight-fasted volunteers. The specific mechanisms responsible for these effects are not known.
However, cognitive improvements may be related to the glycaemic properties of Panax ginseng. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced-crossover design, 27 healthy young adults completed a 10 minute “cognitive demand” test battery at baseline. They then consumed capsules containing either ginseng (extract G115) or a placebo and 30 minutes later a drink containing glucose or placebo. A further 30 minutes later (i.e. 60 minutes post-baseline/capsules) they completed the “cognitive demand” battery six times in immediate succession. Depending on the condition to which the participant was allocated on that particular day, the combination of capsules/drink treatments corresponded to a dose of: 0mg G115/0 mg glucose (placebo); 200mg G115/0 mg glucose (ginseng); 0 mg G115/25 g glucose (glucose) or 200 mg G115/25 g glucose (ginseng/glucose combination). The 10 minute “cognitive demand” battery comprised a Serial Threes subtraction task (2 min); a Serial Sevens subtraction task (2 min); a Rapid Visual Information Processing task (5 min); and a “mental fatigue” visual analogue scale. Blood glucose levels were measured prior to the day’s treatment, and before and after the post-dose completions of the battery.
The results showed that both Panax ginseng and glucose enhanced performance of a mental arithmetic task and ameliorated the increase in subjective feelings of mental fatigue experienced by participants during the later stages of the sustained, cognitively demanding task performance. Accuracy of performing the Rapid Visual Information Processing task (RVIP) was also improved following the glucose load. There was no evidence of a synergistic relationship between Panax ginseng and exogenous glucose ingestion on any cognitive outcome measure. Panax ginseng caused a reduction in blood glucose levels 1 hour following consumption when ingested without glucose.These results confirm that Panax ginseng may possess glucoregulatory properties and can enhance cognitive performance.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16401645
|
| Journal | Journal of Psychopharmacology. (Oxford, England) 2005 Jul; 19(4):357-65 |
| Title | Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity |
| Authors | Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB |
| Institution | Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK |
| Summary |
Single doses of the traditional herbal treatment Panax ginseng have recently been shown to elicit cognitive improvements in healthy young volunteers. The mechanisms by which ginseng improves cognitive performance are not known. However, they may be related to the glycaemic properties of some Panax species. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced crossover design, 30 healthy young adults completed a 10 min test battery at baseline, and then six times in immediate succession commencing 60 min after the day’s treatment (placebo, 200mg G115 or 400mg G115). The 10 min battery comprised a Serial Threes subtraction task (2 min); a Serial Sevens task (2 min); a Rapid Visual Information Processing task (5 min); then a ‘mental fatigue’ visual analogue scale. Blood glucose was measured prior to each day’s treatment, and before, during and after the post-dose completions of the battery. Both the 200mg and 400mg treatments led to significant reductions in blood glucose levels at all three post-treatment measurements (p 0.005 in all cases). The most notable behavioural effects were associated with 200mg of ginseng and included significantly improved Serial Sevens subtraction task performance and significantly reduced subjective mental fatigue throughout all (with the exception of one time point in each case) of the post-dose completions of the 10 min battery (p 0.05).
Overall these data suggest that Panax ginseng can improve performance and subjective feelings of mental fatigue during sustained mental activity. This effect may be related to the acute gluco-regulatory properties of the extract.
PubMed Link - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15982990
|
Here is a list of the orgonizations to whose standards we confirm :
- ISO 9001 (International Organization for Standardization – for Quality Management and Manufacturing)
- Canada – NHPD
- Japan Corporate – Food analysis certificate
- Japan Public Health Dep. – Healthy food certificate
- Hong Kong Standards & Testing Centre – High Quality Certificate
- China Healthy food importing permit
- Chinese medicine GMP
About Taiwan Bing Han ginseng :
Bing Han ginseng is grown exclusively at our own expansive farming facilities in northeastern China. It is then specially processed at our plant in Taiwan, where we adhere strictly to the standards of good manufacturing practices (GMP) and the International Standards Organization (ISO 9000) which are recognized as the world’s highest quality control standards. Bing Han has rapidly grown into one of the most specialized and integrated ginseng distribution companies in the world.
Our dedicated focus on one flagship product – Bing Han Refined Panax Ginseng Powder – has led to our phenomenal success.
As a privately owned company with sales reaching US$400 million a year, Bing Han is well established as one of the foremost leaders in the worldwide ginseng industry.
Bing Han’s corporate headquarters and pharmaceutical factory are situated in Taiwan with numerous affiliate offices around the world including Canada, USA, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Our history :
Born in a small fishing village on the southwest coast of Taiwan in the 1950’s, young He-Shun Li lived most of his childhood in abject poverty. There was no financial or food security in his family’s day-to-day existence. He watched, with sorrow as his father suffered from chronic “Black foot” disease, a common affliction related to poor water quality in the destitute regions of Southeast Asia. Dr. Li still recalls the hardships, poverty and sickness of those days in Taiwan, when isolated communities such as his were often hit by severe events beyond their control. His many challenging childhood experiences fostered his lifelong compassion and caring for the wellbeing of others.
Dr. Li was a mere teenager when his parents both died prematurely. Determined to help his remaining family members, he left his village in search of a better life. With a keen interest in health, he was immediately attracted to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine, believing that TCM held the answers to many health problems.
He longed to bring better health and nutritional improvements to his community and to the world. The sad memory of his own family’s experiences, motivated him to discover ways that would prevent others from experiencing similar problems.
Along his path to helping others, Dr. Li’s first step was apprenticing at a Chinese pharmacy. It was here that he began learning the many intricacies of Chinese herbal medicine and the philosophy that surrounds this traditional practice. He was eager to learn everything that he could about Chinese Traditional Medicine. He devoted himself to this ancient science, working hard and studying diligently to become educated in the art of using natural Chinese medicines and herbs.
Through his dedicated study and work, Dr. Li became a respected professional Chinese medical practitioner. Within a few years, he was able to open his own Chinese medical clinic where he practiced traditional medicine for eight years.
A clear vision :
Dr Li’s entrepreneurial spirit did not allow him to be satisfied with his practice only. He often dreamt of developing a health product that could enhance people’s wellbeing at the same time that it would improve their standard of living.
Based on his experience as a practitioner, he became intrigued by the use of ginseng and began to research the many benefits and features of this promising traditional herb.
He soon recognized in ginseng, the key to both health and prosperity. Dr. Li envisioned a golden opportunity to embrace a genuinely healthier, wealthier way of life. Not just for himself, but for thousands of others, too!
This clear vision led him to develop a ginseng product that could improve people’s health at the same time that it could advance their financial status.
Affirming “the meaning of life” became Dr. Li’s mission and he steered all aspects of the development of his product and the growth of his business according to it.
Bing Han begins :
Using his own money, Dr. Li officially launched his premier product, Bing Han Refined Panax Ginseng Powder in January 1991. Soon thereafter he formed Bing Han Co. Ltd. and became its President.
That same year Dr. Li held the first “opportunity meeting” (OPP) at a small rented office in Taipei. He had the help of two others who wholeheartedly believed in his vision. They were Ms. Jacky Chen Lee-Yu (who became General Manager) and Mr. Lai Jang-Yi (who became Manager).
Growing the business :
“Perseverance reaped rewards,” says Dr. Li as he recalls those early days. “My success is a testament to the impact that Bing Han can have in every individual’s life.”
Wedding the traditions of Asian ginseng use with Western business practices, Dr. Li founded an uniquely inspired company that believes that “good health is good business.”
A modern entrepreneur with traditional work ethics, Dr. Li still makes time for public service and numerous charities. His devotion to various organizations, his love for family, and his principled success have earned for him the utmost respect from colleagues and associates.
Ms. Jacky Lee-Yu Chen :
Some people have a magical way of making wonderful things happen. Ms. Jacky Lee-Yu Chen, is one of those people, which has earned her the nickname, “the magician.” Prior to joining Bing Han Ms. Chen experienced various health problems, including job-related stress.
Years of poor health and worry had taken their toll on her physically and emotionally. Soon after coming under the training and guidance provided by Dr. Li, Ms Chen literally became a new person. Her health improved significantly; she no longer dreaded each day. She had ample energy and she believed in herself again! She left her stressful employment and began to do what she loved most. She began to share her personal, life-changing Bing Han story with others.
Like magic, several of her friends and acquaintances became Bing Han distributors under Ms. Chen. That marked the beginning of a new era for this transformed woman. As a role model for other women, Ms. Chen now travels the world, sharing her many stories. Stories of successes and challenges. Stories of overcoming health problems. Stories of building a better life. This petite woman, affectionately called “The Magician,” is a powerhouse of energy. She works tirelessly to train and support Bing Han partners all over the world in developing and expanding new markets. “Set firm resolve to persist” is the philosophical motto Ms. Chen uses to motivate and encourage Bing Han distributors worldwide. Leading by example, Ms. Chen’s hard work, determination and a sense of humour make knowing her a magical and uplifting experience.
Mr. Desmond Liew :
The first thing you notice about Mr. Desmond Liew is that he is deeply passionate about everything to do with Bing Han. Walking into a room with a big smile on his face, he can’t wait to tell you something new and wonderful about the company and its ginseng.
Concerned about the health of his parents, Mr. Liew was immediately attracted by the Bing Han promise of improved health. After meeting Ms. Chen and attending many OPP meetings, he became a man with a mission – to introduce the Bing Han ginseng product to the world.
But that’s not all. Desmond is also dedicated to spreading the unique “spirit” of the worldwide Bing Han community.
And his results speak for themselves. Unafraid of what others might call the handicaps of cultural and language differences, Desmond steadfastly believes that “nothing can stop a company’s success if it has a good product and efficient operating systems.
Mr. Liew’s passionate leadership, intelligence and determination have proven him right. With his help, Bing Han has expanded far beyond Taiwan to Malaysia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, Canada and the United States.
Our mission statement :
The mission of Bing Han Ginseng is to help people become healthier and wealthier by providing premium quality ginseng products direct to consumers through dedicated, knowledgeable independent distributors.
Bing Han promotes an active lifestyle that embraces health and celebrates life.
Bing Han strives to enrich the quality of people’s lives through better health and greater income.
We and our distributors are committed to acting in accordance with the highest ethical principles.
We believe that good health is our truest wealth.
Giving :
Healthy giving :
Bing Han Foundation is the giving hand of our company. We regularly sponsor non-profit and charitable events as part of our ongoing commitment to social and community stewardship.
Here are a few examples :
- Sponsorship – 2005 Taiwan Canadian Cultural Festival / Vancouver BC. Canada
- Sponsorship – 2005 Macau Community Chest Walk
- Sponsorship – 2006 Hong Kong Community Chest Walk
- Sponsorship – 2007 Vancouver Success Walk with the Dragon
(Provides family counseling programs and services for youth, women and seniors.)
2010 Richmond hospital foundation :
Welcome to Bing Han :
We are the largest growers of ginseng in the world! Our dedicated focus on one flagship product - Bing Han refined panax ginseng powder has led to our phenomenal sucess.
Contact us :
Bing Han (Hong Kong) Enterprises Ltd. – Central
Room 2907-2913, 29th Floor, High Block (Cosco Tower),
Grand Millennium Plaza, NO. 183 Queen’s Road Central,
Hong Kong
Tel：852-2907-7899
Fax：852-2907-7866
http://www.binghan.com.hk
Agent : David Clockwise
Phone : 852 - 90523210
Tel : 852 - 21091739
Welcome to visit David Clockwise web store :
http://hke.shop.buystation.com/clockwise338
Room 2907-2913, 29th Floor, High Block (Cosco Tower),
Grand Millennium Plaza, NO. 183 Queen’s Road Central,
Hong Kong
Tel：852-2907-7899
Fax：852-2907-7866
http://www.binghan.com.hk
Agent : David Clockwise
Phone : 852 - 90523210
Tel : 852 - 21091739
Welcome to visit David Clockwise web store :
http://hke.shop.buystation.com/clockwise338
標籤： anti-aging, Bing Han, Binghan, Chinese, drug, ginseng powder, health, herb, medline, organic, panax, pharmaceutical, science, tonic, tradition
4 個意見:
Korean Red Ginseng ?
If the products you look for are not in our catalog we would be pleased to offer our custom synthesis service. Ginseng Extract
distribution to help you make best-informed decisions tailored to your evolving needs for premium chemicals. 20(R)-Notoginsenoside R2
Ginseng Powder is one of the widely utilized customary Chinese medications throughout recent centuries. Being a short plant, it has slow growth that can be arranged in three different ways.
張貼留言
訂閱 張貼留言 [Atom]
<< 首頁